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However, incorporating spatial structure and human response to high rabies incidence allowed the virus to persist in the absence of immunity.

Simulating these scenarios using a non-spatial model indicated that low levels of immunity can act to limit rabies incidence and prevent depletion of the domestic dog population, increasing the probability of disease persistence. We developed a stochastic model for canine rabies, parameterised for Laikipia County, Kenya, to explore the implications of different scenarios for naturally acquired immunity to rabies in domestic dogs. However, empirical studies have detected rabies-specific antibodies in healthy, unvaccinated domestic dogs, potentially due to immunizing, non-lethal exposure. A common assumption of these models is that naturally acquired immunity plays no role in rabies dynamics. Findings supported immediate booster vaccination followed by observation for 45 days of dogs and cats with an out-of-date vaccination status that are exposed to rabies, as is the current practice for dogs and cats with current vaccination status.Ī number of mathematical models have been developed for canine rabies to explore dynamics and inform control strategies. Results indicated that dogs with out-of-date vaccination status were not inferior in their antibody response following booster rabies vaccination, compared with dogs with current vaccination status. Most (26/33) cats, regardless of rabies vaccination status, had a titer ≥ 12 IU/mL 5 to 15 days after booster vaccination. Dogs with an out-of-date vaccination status had a higher median increase in titer, higher median fold increase in titer, and higher median titer following booster vaccination, compared with dogs with current vaccination status. Paired serum samples were analyzed for antirabies antibodies by means of a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test.Īll animals had an antirabies antibody titer ≥ 0.5 IU/mL 5 to 15 days after booster vaccination. On day 0, a rabies vaccine was administered according to label recommendations.

Blood samples were collected on the day of initial evaluation (day 0) and then again 5 to 15 days later.

Serum samples were obtained from dogs and cats that had been exposed to rabies and brought to a veterinarian for proactive serologic monitoring or that had been brought to a veterinarian for booster rabies vaccination. To compare anamnestic antibody responses of dogs and cats with current versus out-of-date vaccination status.